I-Polylactic acid (PLA): Enye indlela enobungani bemvelo kumapulasitiki

Yini PLA?

I-Polylactic acid, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-PLA (Polylactic acid), i-thermoplastic monomer etholakala emithonjeni evuselelekayo enjengesitashi sommbila noma umoba noma i-pulp ye-beet.

Yize kufana namapulasitiki edlule, izakhiwo zawo seziphenduke izinsiza zokuvuselela izinsiza, okwenza kube ngenye indlela yemvelo yokugcwala kwezifo.

I-PLA isese-carbon engathathi hlangothi, edliwayo, ne-biodegradable, okusho ukuthi ingabola ngokuphelele ezindaweni ezifanele esikhundleni sokugqekeza ama-microplastics ayingozi.

Ngenxa yekhono layo lokubola, livame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto ezifakiwe zezikhwama zepulasitiki ze-biodegradable, utshani, izinkomishi, amapuleti, ne-teare.

Indlela yokulimazeka ye-PLA

I-PLA ibhekana nokuwohloka kwemvelo okungeyona eyemvelo ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezintathu:

I-Hydrolysis: Amaqembu e-Ester ku-main chain aphukile, okuholela ekunciphiseni isisindo se-molecular.

Ukuwohloka okushisayo: Into eyinkimbinkimbi ephumela ekwakhekeni kwamakhompiyutha ahlukene, njengama-molecule alula, ama-oligomers aqondile kanye nama-oligomers ahlukahlukene amamolekyuli, kanye ne-lactide.

I-PhotodeGradation: Imisebe ye-ultraviolet ingadala ukonakala. Lesi yisici esiyinhloko esidalula i-polylactic acid ekushisweni kwelanga ngopulasitiki, iziqukathi zokupakisha, nezinhlelo zokusebenza zefilimu.

Ukusabela kwe-Hydrolysis yile:

-Coo- + H 2 O → -Cooh + -OH

Izinga lokuwohloka lihamba kancane kakhulu ekushiseni okukhona. Ucwaningo lwe-2017 luthole ukuthi i-PLA ayizange ithole ukulahleka kwekhwalithi kungakapheli unyaka emanzini olwandle ngo-25 ° C (77 ° F), kepha isifundo asifani ukubola noma ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwamaketanga we-polymer.

Yiziphi izindawo zohlelo lokusebenza lwe-PLA?

1. Izimpahla zabathengi
I-PLA isetshenziswa empahleni ehlukahlukene yabathengi, efana ne-tableware elahlekile, izikhwama zokuthenga ezitolo ezinkulu, ama-ekhishini asetshenziswa ama-laptops namadivayisi aphathwayo.

2. Ezolimo
I-PLA isetshenziswa kwifomu le-fiber lemigqa ye-fiber eyodwa namanetha okulawulwa kwezimila nokhula. Isetshenziselwa ama-sandbags, amabhodwe ezimbali, imichilo ebophayo, nezintambo.

3. Ukwelashwa Kwezokwelapha
I-PLA ingadilizwa ibe yi-lactic acid engenangozi, iyenza ilungele ukusetshenziswa njengemishini yezokwelapha ngesimo sezikhonkwane, izikulufo, amapuleti, izikhonkwane, izinduku namanetha.

Izimo ezine ezivame kakhulu zokuhlanganisa

1. Ukuphinda usebenzise kabusha:
Kungaba ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwamakhemikhali noma ukuvumelanisa kwemishini. EBelgium, umthala wethule isitshalo sokuqala sokushayela sokuvuselelwa kwamakhemikhali se-pla (i-loopla). Ngokungafani nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwemishini, ukungcola kungaqukatha ukungcola okuhlukahlukene. I-Polylactic acid ingalulama ngamakhemikhali njengama-monomers ngokusebenzisa i-thermal polymerization noma i-hydrolysis. Ngemuva kokuhlanzwa, ama-monomers angasetshenziswa ukwenza i-pla eluhlaza ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa yizakhiwo zawo zokuqala.

2. Ukukhohlisa:
I-PLA ingahle ibekwe ngaphansi kwemibandela yokuvuselelwa kwezimboni, okokuqala nge-chemical hydrolysis, khona-ke ngokugaya amakhemikhali, bese ekugcineni iyonakaliswa. Ngaphansi kwezimo zomquba wezimboni (58 ° C (136 ° F)), i-PLA ingahle (cishe ingxenye (cishe ingxenye) ibola emanzini kanye nekhabhoni diokside ezinsukwini ezingama-60, ngokuya nge-crystallity yezinto ezibonakalayo. Emvelweni ngaphandle kwezimo ezidingekayo, ukubola kuzobe kuhamba kancane, okufana ne-plastistics engeyona yemvelo, engeke ukubola ngokuphelele amakhulukhulu noma izinkulungwane zeminyaka.

3. Ukushisa:
I-PLA ingafakwa ngaphandle kokukhiqiza i-chlorine equkethe amakhemikhali noma izinsimbi ezisindayo, njengoba iqukethe i-carbon, umoya-mpilo kuphela, ama-athomu ama-hydrogen. I-Pla evuthayo eshayiwe izokhiqiza i-19.5 MJ / KG (8368 BTU / LB) yamandla ngaphandle kokushiya izinsalela. Lo mphumela, kanye nokunye okutholakele, kukhombisa ukuthi ukufuya kuyindlela enobungane yemvelo yokwelapha i-polylactic acid.

4. Ukugcwaliswa komhlaba:
Yize u-PLA angangena ekuchithekeni komhlaba, kungukukhethwa okuncane kwemvelo ngoba impahla ichaza kancane emazingeni okushisa akhona, ngokuvamile ahamba kancane njengamanye amapulasitiki angenakonakala.