Njengezinye zeziphuzo ezintathu ezinkulu emhlabeni ezingadakwa, itiye lithandwa kakhulu abantu ngenxa yezimfanelo zalo zemvelo, ezinomsoco, kanye nezikhuthaza impilo. Ukuze kulondolozwe ngempumelelo ukwakheka, umbala, iphunga, kanye nokunambitheka kwetiye, futhi kuzuzwe ukugcinwa nokuthutha isikhathi eside, ukupakishwa kwetiye nakho kuye kwaba nezinguquko eziningi kanye nokuqanjwa okusha. Selokhu lasungulwa, itiye eligoqiwe selidumile emazweni ase-Europe naseMelika ngenxa yezinzuzo zalo eziningi njengokunethezeka nokuhlanzeka.
Itiye elifakwe esikhwameni wuhlobo lwetiye elipakishwa ezikhwameni zamaphepha ezihlungi ezincanyana futhi zibekwe kanye nesikhwama sephepha ngaphakathi kwesethi yetiye. Inhloso enkulu yokupakisha ngezikhwama zephepha zokuhlunga ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuvuza kanye nokusebenzisa ngokugcwele impushana yetiye efektri yetiye. Ngenxa yezinzuzo zalo ezinjengokwenza isiphuzo esisheshayo, ukuhlanzeka, umthamo ojwayelekile, ukuxutshwa kalula, ukususwa kwezinsalela okulula, kanye nokuphatheka, itiye eligoqiwe lithandwa kakhulu emakethe yamazwe ngamazwe ukuze lihlangabezane nezidingo zendlela yokuphila esheshayo yabantu banamuhla. Izinto zokusetshenziswa zetiye, izinto zokupakisha, nemishini yokupakisha isikhwama setiye yizici ezintathu zokukhiqizwa kwesikhwama setiye, futhi izinto zokupakisha yizimo eziyisisekelo zokukhiqizwa kwesikhwama setiye.
Izinhlobo nezidingo zezinto zokupakisha zezikhwama zetiye
Izinto zokupakisha zezikhwama zetiye zihlanganisa izinto zokupakisha zangaphakathi ezifanaiphepha lokuhlunga itiye, izinto zokupakisha zangaphandle njengezikhwama zangaphandle, amabhokisi okupakisha, kanye nepulasitiki esobala nephepha lengilazi, phakathi kwalo iphepha lokuhlunga itiye liyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ewumgogodla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokupakisha izikhwama zetiye, isikhwama setiyeintambo kakotiniukuphakamisa intambo, iphepha lelebula, ukuphakamisa intambo enamathelayo, nokunamathela kwe-acetate polyester yamalebula nakho kuyadingeka. Itiye ngokuyinhloko liqukethe izingxenye ezifana ne-ascorbic acid, i-tannic acid, i-polyphenolic compounds, i-catechin, amafutha, nama-carotenoids. Lezi zithako zisengozini enkulu yokuwohloka ngenxa yomswakama, umoya-mpilo, izinga lokushisa, ukukhanya, kanye nephunga lemvelo. Ngakho-ke, izinto zokupakisha ezisetshenziselwa izikhwama zetiye kufanele ngokuvamile zihlangabezane nezidingo zokumelana nomswakama, ukumelana komoya-mpilo, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukuvikela ukukhanya, nokuvimbela igesi ukunciphisa noma ukuvimbela ithonya lalezi zici ezingenhla.
1. Izinto zokupakisha zangaphakathi zezikhwama zetiye - iphepha lokuhlunga itiye
Iphepha lokuhlunga isikhwama setiye, elaziwa nangokuthi yiphepha lokupakisha isikhwama setiye, liyiphepha elincane elinesisindo esiphansi elineyunifomu, elihlanzekile, elixegayo futhi linezimbotshana, ukucinana okuphansi, ukumunca okuqinile, namandla aphezulu okumanzi. Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa nokupakishwa “kwezikhwama zetiye” emishinini yokufaka itiye ezenzakalelayo. Iqanjwe ngenhloso yayo, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kanye nekhwalithi kudlala indima ebalulekile kwikhwalithi yezikhwama zetiye eziqediwe.
1.2 Izidingo eziyisisekelo zephepha lokuhlunga itiye
Njengento yokupakisha izikhwama zetiye, iphepha lokuhlunga itiye akufanele liqinisekise kuphela ukuthi izithako ezisebenzayo zetiye zingasakazeka ngokushesha esobhoni letiye ngesikhathi sokupheka, kodwa futhi livimbele impushana yetiye esikhwameni ukuthi ingangeni esobhoni. Izidingo eziqondile zezici zayo zimi kanje.
(l) Inamandla anele emishini (amandla aqine kakhulu) okujwayela amandla omile kanye nokunwebeka kwemishini yokupakisha ezenzakalelayo yezikhwama zetiye;
(2) Ukwazi ukumelana nokucwiliswa emanzini abilayo ngaphandle kokuphuka;
(3) Itiye elifakwe esikhwameni linezici zokuba nezimbotshana, ezinomswakama, futhi liyangeneka. Ngemva kokuphuza, kungamanziswa ngokushesha futhi okuqukethwe okuncibilikayo kwetiye kungakhishwa ngokushesha;
(4) Imicu kufanele ibe mihle, ifane futhi ihambisane.
Ugqinsi lwephepha lokuhlunga ngokuvamile luyi-0.003-0.009in (lin=0.0254m)
Ubukhulu be-pore bephepha lokuhlunga kufanele bube phakathi kuka-20-200 μ m, futhi ukuminyana kanye ne-porosity yephepha lokuhlunga kufanele kulinganiswe.
(5) Ayinaphunga, ayinaphunga, ayinabo ubuthi, ngokuhambisana nezimfuneko zenhlanzeko;
(6) Ilula, nephepha elimhlophe.
1.3 Izinhlobo Zephepha Lesihlungi Setiye
Izinto zokupakisha zezikhwama zetiye emhlabeni namuhla zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:ukushisa okuvaliwe kwephepha lokuhlunga itiyekanye nephepha lokuhlunga itiye elingavaliwe ngokushisa, kuye ngokuthi lidinga ukushisisa futhi liboshwe yini ngesikhathi sokuvalwa kwesikhwama. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu okwamanje yiphepha lokuhlunga itiye elivalwe ngokushisa.
Iphepha lokuhlunga itiye elivalwe ngokushisa liwuhlobo lwephepha lokuhlunga itiye elifanele ukupakishwa emishinini yokufaka itiye elivalwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. Kudingeka ukuthi yenziwe imicu emide engu-30% -50% kanye no-25% -60% wemicu evaliwe yokushisa. Umsebenzi wemicu emide ukunikeza amandla anele omshini wokuhlunga iphepha. Imicu evaliwe yokushisa ixubene neminye imicu ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwephepha lokuhlunga, okuvumela izingqimba ezimbili zephepha lokuhlunga ukuthi zihlangane ndawonye lapho kushisa futhi kucindezelwa ama-roller okushisa okushisa omshini wokupakisha, ngaleyo ndlela yakhe isikhwama esivalwe ngokushisa. Lolu hlobo lwefayibha enezakhiwo zokuvala ukushisa lungenziwa ngama-copolymers we-polyvinyl acetate ne-polyvinyl chloride, noma ku-polypropylene, i-polyethylene, usilika wokwenziwa, kanye nezingxube zawo. Abanye abakhiqizi futhi benza lolu hlobo lwephepha lokuhlunga lube ungqimba olukabili, olunongqimba olulodwa oluhlanganisa ngokuphelele imicu exutshiwe evalwe ngokushisa kanye nolunye ungqimba oluhlanganisa imicu engavaliwe ngokushisa. Inzuzo yale ndlela yukuthi ingavimbela imicu evaliwe yokushisa ekunamatheleni kuma-rollers okufaka uphawu omshini ngemva kokuncibilika ngokushisa. Ubukhulu bephepha bunqunywa ngokwezinga lika-17g/m2.
Iphepha lokuhlunga elingavalwanga ngokushisa liyiphepha lesihlungi setiye elifanele ukupakishwa emishinini yokupakisha ezenzakalelayo yetiye engavaliwe. Iphepha lokuhlunga itiye elingavaliwe ngokushisa liyadingeka ukuze libe namafayibha amade angu-30% -50%, njenge-Manila hemp, ukuze anikeze amandla anele okusebenza, kuyilapho enye inemicu emifushane eshibhile kanye ne-resin engaba ngu-5%. Umsebenzi we-resin ukuthuthukisa ikhono lephepha lokuhlunga ukumelana nokuphiswa kwamanzi abilayo. Ubukhulu bayo ngokuvamile bunqunywa ngokusekelwe esisindweni esijwayelekile samagremu angu-12 ngemitha yesikwele. Abacwaningi boMnyango Wezesayensi Yezinsiza Zamahlathi e-Shizuoka Agricultural University e-Japan basebenzisa i-Chinese made hemp bast fiber efakwe emanzini njengempahla eluhlaza, futhi bahlola izakhiwo ze-hemp bast fibre pulp ezikhiqizwa ngezindlela ezintathu ezahlukene zokupheka: i-alkaline alkali (AQ) pulping, i-sulfate pulping, kanye ne-atmospheric alkaline pulping. Kulindeleke ukuthi i-alkaline pulping yasemkhathini ye-hemp bast fiber ingangena esikhundleni se-Manila hemp pulp ekukhiqizeni iphepha lokuhlunga itiye.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zephepha lokuhlunga itiye: elifakwe i-bleached ne-unbleached. Esikhathini esedlule, ubuchwepheshe be-chloride bleaching babusetshenziswa, kodwa okwamanje, ukuxutshwa kwe-oxygen noma i-bleached pulp isetshenziswa kakhulu ukukhiqiza iphepha lokuhlunga itiye.
E-China, imicu yamagxolo kamalibhele ivamise ukwenziwa ngokudonswa kwe-high free state bese icutshungulwa nge-resin. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, abacwaningi baseShayina baye bahlola izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokudonsa okusekelwe emiphumeleni ehlukene yokusika, ukuvuvukala, kanye ne-fiber emihle ye-fiber ngesikhathi sokudonsa, futhi bathola ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokudonsa i-pulping yephepha lesikhwama setiye "i-fiber ende engenawo i-pulping". Le ndlela yokushaya incike kakhulu ekunciphiseni, ekusikeni ngendlela efanele, nasekuzameni ukugcina ubude bemicu ngaphandle kokudinga imicu emihle kakhulu. Izici zephepha ukumuncwa okuhle kanye nokuphefumula okuphezulu. Ngenxa yezintambo ezinde, ukufana kwephepha akulungile, ingaphezulu lephepha alibushelelezi kakhulu, ukukhanya kuphezulu, kunamandla amahle okudabula kanye nokuqina, ukuqina kosayizi wephepha kuhle, futhi ukuguqulwa encane.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-29-2024